Coal tar, a by-product of burning coal, has been used in dermatology for decades and continues to be one of the most reliable treatments for chronic scalp issues like dandruff and psoriasis.
Coal tar is a thick, dark brown or black liquid obtained during the coal-burning process. For medical use, it is carefully purified and filtered to remove harmful substances before being added to shampoos, creams, and ointments. Despite its origin, experts emphasize that the refined form used today is far removed from the crude versions once employed in the early days of dermatology.
According to a report by India Today, dermatologist Dr. Kiran Sethi, Medical Director at Isya Aesthetics, explains that coal tar works by slowing down the rapid growth of skin cells, a process that helps control flaking and itching. “It softens the thick, scaly layer on the scalp and allows healthier skin to come through,” she says. Echoing the same sentiment, Dr. Ravali, Senior Consultant in Dermatology at Arete Hospital, adds that coal tar also has antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties that help soothe irritation and fight fungal infections of the scalp.
Dermatologists typically recommend coal tar shampoos when conventional anti-fungal or salicylic acid-based options fail to provide relief. Most of these shampoos contain between one and five percent coal tar. However, doctors advise moderation, recommending that it be used only a few times a week and alternated with a mild shampoo to avoid excessive dryness or irritation. Some specialists even suggest leaving it on the scalp for about ten minutes before rinsing, while in certain cases, overnight application under supervision may yield better results.
Concerns about the safety of coal tar have persisted for years, largely due to its industrial origins. However, experts assert that the versions used in modern dermatological products are highly refined and manufactured under strict safety standards. “Earlier formulations of crude coal tar did contain potentially harmful elements, but what we use now is completely different,” says Dr. Sethi. “It’s purified, stabilized, and clinically tested for safety.”
Still, dermatologists caution against daily use. Applying coal tar shampoo more than two to three times a week can dry out the scalp or make the skin more sensitive to sunlight. Users are also advised to avoid using it on broken or sunburned skin and to rinse thoroughly after application. Because coal tar can make the skin photosensitive, avoiding direct sunlight immediately after use is recommended.
Despite the warnings, medical experts agree that coal tar remains one of the most effective, time-tested solutions for persistent dandruff, seborrheic dermatitis, and psoriasis. When used correctly and under professional guidance, it can significantly improve scalp health and reduce symptoms like flaking, redness, and itchiness.
Coal tar shampoos, though not meant for everyday use, continue to stand the test of time in dermatology — a potent reminder that sometimes, even an age-old remedy born out of coal and fire can deliver modern-day relief.
